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Health Conditions

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

References

Bainbridge JL, Corboy JR. Multiple Sclerosis. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Hayes PE, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2005:1007-1019.

Goodin, DS, Frohman EM, Garmany GP, et al. Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Neurology. 2002 Jan 22;58(2):169-78

The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group and the UBC MS/ MRI Analysis Group. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of MS: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 1995; 45:1277-1285.

Jacobs LD, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in exacerbating-remitting multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1996; 43: 79-87.

Bornstein MB, Miller A, Slagle S, et al. A placebo-controlled double blind, randomized, two-centered, pilot trial of COP 1 in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 1991; 43: 533-539.

PRISMS Study Group. Randomized double-blind placebo controlled study of interferon B-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 1998 Nov 7; 352(9139): 1498-504.

PRISMS Study Group. PRISMS-4: long-term efficacy of interferon B-1a in relapsing MS. Neurology. 2001; 56: 1628-1636.

European Study Group on Interferon beta-1b in Secondary Progressive MS. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomized trial of interferon B-1b in treatmnt of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 1998; 352: 1491-97.

Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(11):898-904.

Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG. Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(11):938-952.

Comi G, Filippi M, Wolinsky JS, et al. European/Canadian multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effects of glatiramer acetate on magnetic resoance imaging-measured disease activity and burden in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2001 Mar; 49(3): 290-7.

Munafo A, Trinchard-Lugn I, Nguyen TXZ, Buraglio M. Comparative pharmicokinetics and pharmicodynamics of recombinant human interferon beta-1a after intrmuscular and subcutaneous administration. Eur J Neurol. 2001 Mar; 8(2): 141-8.

Panitch H, Goodin D, Francis G, et. al. Benefits of high-dose, high-frequency interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis are sustained to 16 months: final comparative results of the EVIDENCE trial. J Neurol Sci. 2005;239:67-74.

Koch-Henriksen N, Sorensen PS, Christensen T, et al. A randomized study of two interferon-beta treatments in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2006 April 11;66(7):1056-60.

Fletcher S, Vardi J, Pollack L, Rabey JM, Comparison of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) and interferon beta-1b (Betaferon) in MS patients: an open-label 2-year follow-up. J Neurol Sci. 2002 May 15; 197 (1-2): 51-5.

Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A. ?Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis.? Journal of the American Medical Association, December 20, 2006, Vol. 296(23), pp. 2832-2838.

National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Progress in Research > Research Highlights Winter/Spring 2007. Available at: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/site/PageServer?pagename=HOM_RES_highlights_nerverepair Accessed July 25, 2007

National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Reporting from the AAN: Promising MS clinical trial results. April 2006. Available at: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Research-2006Apr5.asp. Accessed May 4, 2006.

National Multiple Sclerosis Society. MS Trial Alert: NIH-sponsored combination therapy study recruiting patients with MS. January 2006. Available at: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Research-2006Jan27.asp. Accessed May 4, 2006.

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Note: The above information is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not intended to diagnose a health condition, but it can be used as a guide to help you decide if you should seek professional treatment or to help you learn more about your condition once it has been diagnosed.

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Introduction

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What causes it?

Who has it?

What are the risk factors?

What are the symptoms?

How is it treated?

What is on the horizon?

References



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